Adopting an Information Strategy

Introduction Many improvements in the information technology have recently occurred changing the entire manner in which organizations conduct their businesses. With the help of sophisticated communication devices such as the Internet, coupled with the implementation on of the latest models such as trading hubs and distributed networks, companies stand a chance to slash their total expenditure.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Adopting an Information Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unfortunately, many organizations are unable to receive optimum utilization of this technology because of the implementation of poor strategies for adopting information technology. The use of effective information strategy should reshape the culture and strategies in an organization. Peters, Heng, and Vet (2002, p.21) define information strategy as â€Å"a unified blueprint utilized by an organization for capturing, processing, delivering, integrating, and presenting of organization’s information in a timely, fast, clean, and consistent manner.† In this regard, any information flowing within an organization should be fast, consistent and devoid of any errors. The new and fast business models have thoroughly sidelined convectional methodologies used by organization in their activities. In any organization, adopting an information strategy is critical in ensuring that the organization withstands stiff competition from other companies. This paper provides a critical literature review on adopting an information strategy by selecting five articles focusing on the issue. The essence of adopting an information strategy Creating an effective communication strategy is of immense essence in any organization. In the recent decades, many organizations have recognized the significant potential of effective information strategies to support various organizational activities, aiding them to gain a unique competitive advantage (Peters, Heng Vet, 2002, p.19). This has increased the essence of adopting information strategy by many organizations all over the globe. Adopting information strategy increases efficiency in a company by ensuring the delivery of all the necessary information in a timely manner with no interruptions. In addition, information strategy aids in keeping healthy relationships between the company and its customers. Through information strategies, multinational companies are able to perform their activities in any part of the globe by utilizing standardized procedures. As Peters, Heng and Vet (2002, p.22) reckon, â€Å"an organization develops through a path of evolution in order to survive†¦this path†¦through a process of continuous change†. Every organization has to be innovative to survive.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mor e Peters, Heng and Vet discuss the strategy of information system within Leasehold Company from 1963 all the way to 1986. They discover the evolution pattern and factors affecting information system strategy. This provides a better insight on adoption of information strategy in various organizations. As the study conducted reveals, there was no application of IS planning. Instead, organizational evolution concepts provided a significant contribution in the process of analyzing the whole development of IS a strategy at this company. As the author posits, identifying IS strategy and utilizing it to serve diverse objectives is of paramount importance (Peters, Heng, Vet 2002, p.23). Another importance of adopting information strategy is an improvement of customer relations in an organization. Utilizing media to communicate with customers has many benefits. Chung-Hoon Young-Gul (2003, p.653) reckon, â€Å"enabled by advanced and sophisticated technologies, companies can now collect unprecedented amount and depth of data on their customers and turn it into valuable information for strategic purposes of the business.† Collecting and analyzing customer’s information is paramount. People need to do it by building a CIS that will enhancive management of customer relationship. An effective CIS should support all types of customer information. As Chung-Hoon and Young-Gul (2003, p. 669) point out, an effective CIS should have the capacity of managing the entire customers’ life cycle, transforming one-time buyers into lifetime core customers. Attracting and retaining customers are of exceptional essence in any organization, as it increases sales leading to more revenues. Factors affecting the adoption of information strategy The current world is changing at a tremendous rate towards effective and faster communication and sophisticated technology that has availed wide options for organizations (Michael 2003, p.27). However, inasmuch as information st rategy provides many benefits, people need to consider certain factors before its adoption by an organization.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Adopting an Information Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article written by Peter, Heng, and Vet provides an extensive description of this by analyzing a case study involving the evolution of Information system (IS) strategy in a Dutch company named Leasehold that involves itself in global leasing. The article emphasizes on the potential of utilizing information systems in improving the efficiency of various activities in an organization. Thus, it enables them to remain competitive in their field. However, the cost of information systems (IS) is a significant hindrance to the adoption of this technology by many organizations. Companies that want to automate their operations, gain strategic advantages, and enhance decision-making have to spend large sums of money approximately millions of dollars. A recent study by Akmanligil and Prashant examine the strategies for global development of information systems, and the main factors affecting their selections. According to this article, cost is one among the key factors influencing the selection of information systems. Akmanligil and Prashant (2004, p. 45) astutely reckon that, â€Å"despite the fact that faster and cheaper communication devices and computers are often introduced to the market on a daily base, the software costs of building information systems (IS) is much higher than that of hardware at a ratio of 80: 20†. Consequently, organizations have to carry out a thorough study of the financial implications of the information strategy they are planning to adopt. Failure to accomplish this will lead to a financial whammy, thus, slowing down operations in the organization. The challenge of globalization is another factor that affects the adoption of information systems . As Akmanligil and Prashant (2004, p.46) posit, globalization has a great impact on how activities of a multinational company are coordinated on a worldwide basis. The system used to mange activities of an organization across one or many borders is referred to as a global information system (GIS). It is extremely critical in managing business activities in multinational corporations (Akmanligil Prashant 2004, p. 46).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The planning of the methods utilized before implementing information strategy is another factor affecting the adoption of information technology. Utilizing a skilled planning method is of paramount essence. This is because of the fact that comprehensive planning methods provide clear steps for planning a new information strategy (Salmale Ton 2002, p. 446). Planning the Information Strategy is critical for an organization that aims at maximizing its utilization of resources. The main objectives of the planning stage for information strategy include establishing an effective information strategy, which relies on complete evaluation of business strategies (Mua Goy 2002, p.14). Establishing technical strategy for the most efficient use of new or advanced information technology, as well as establishing developmental plans of unique user-oriented sisters that will meet information priorities and needs of an organization are other objectives. They also include the definition of a unique information architecture that will enable future developments of remarkable systems for data sharing. Upon meeting these objectives, the organization will achieve its full potential. As Salmale and Ton (2002, p.446) reckon, Formal information strategy planning structure makes it easier for management in an organization to integrate information systems (IS) or information technology (IT) projects with various events and plans in other subsystem and vice versa. In addition, utilizing various strategies for discussing new ideas prior to adoption of information strategy is significant. For instance, utilizing brainstorming session will aid the organization to come up with new ideas for adopting and using information strategy. In their studies, Salmale and Ton (2002, p. 454) recommend utilization of four cycles method in making long lasting decisions about organizations’ ICT infrastructure. The first cycle is agreeing on stakeholders, as well as planning objectives. The second cyc le involves aligning business objectives as well as information objectives. The third cycle concerns itself with analyzing all resources and infrastructure of the organization, while the last cycle involves authorizing actions. The advantage of this method is the periodical updating of the plans for information strategy organization and ICT infrastructure, thus, eliminating hiccups. Challenges faced in adopting information strategy Many organizations face diverse challenges while implementing information strategy. These challenges come in different forms and require thorough scrutiny in eliminating them. As Salmale and Ton (2002, p.442) reckon, â€Å"with the advent of new technologies such as Internet, the challenge of aligning information strategy with business is more significant and difficult than ever before†. In essence, organizations should employ professionalism in dealing with these challenges in order to avoid losses. The basic tasks worth performing before adopting any information strategy include developing and implementing strategic visions, governing all the projects, allocating all the resources required, ensuring effective management commitment, and planning the entire infrastructure (Thomas Dent-Micallef 1997, p. 386). In addition, information flow is another challenge. Ineffective communication has diverse and detrimental effects on the organization. As Chung-Hoon and Young-Gul (2003, p. 662) posit, more customers are lost through lack of follow up. Because of the complexity of the information in large organizations, information flow encounters a barrier, thus, decreasing efficiency in the organization. In this regard, companies should strive to ensure efficient flow of information between various departments. Chung-Hoon and Young-Gul (2003, p. 667) propose a unique framework of dynamic customer management consisting of three stages: customer acquisition stage, customer retention stage, and customer expansion stage. Using this framewo rk, organization will stand a chance to keep all the information concerning it customers. In addition, this information will be easily available to salespeople, making it easy for the organization to follow its customers. Conclusion Based on the diverse expositions discussed in the paper, adopting information strategy in an organization is paramount especially in the current world characterized by globalization and stiff competition. Moreover, efficient methods and strategies for embedding information technology in an organization into exiting processes are paramount. Organizations should identify them to achieve their goals and objectives. The organization responsibilities, as well as roles, require redefinition to match with information strategy that an organization is adopting. Encouraging development and research activities on adoption and maintenance of unique information technology in organizations is also paramount. It is imperative for all systems, projects, and organization al practices, to correspond with values of information strategy in an organization. References Akmanligil, M., Prashant, P., 2004. Strategies for global information systems Development. Information Management, 42(1), pp. 45-59. Chung-Hoon, P., Young-Gul, K., 2003. A Framework of dynamic CRM: Linking Marketing with information strategy. Business Process Management Journal, 9(5), pp. 652-671. Michael, T., 2003. IT as a Booster of Economy. Oxford: Oxford UP. Print. Mua, M., Goy, N., 2002. Factors Affecting IT. New York: Word Press. Print. Peters, S., Heng, M., Vet, R., 2002. Formation of the information systems strategy in A global financial services company. Information and Organization, 12(1), pp. 19- 38. Salmale, H., Ton, A., 2002. Dynamic and emergent information systems strategy formulation and implementation. International journal of Information Management, 22(1), pp. 441-460. Thomas, P., Dent-Micallef, A., 1997. Information Technology as Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human Business and Technology Resources. Strategic Management Journal, 18(5), pp. 375-405. This critical writing on Adopting an Information Strategy was written and submitted by user Barbara Berry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

This is an essay that takes place in Ancient Rome, from the perspective of a Slave who was captured in war and must teach the children of his new master.

This is an essay that takes place in Ancient Rome, from the perspective of a Slave who was captured in war and must teach the children of his new master. Teaching: A New BeginningMy name doesn't matter. I was just a slave of Rome. I mean, now that my sepulcher, tomb, has been inscribed, and an epitaph placed on, I am just a story in the wind. See, I started out in this world a free man in Greece, and by the time I was 20, the ups and downs of my life became more and more frequent, and my life became almost total anarchy, without rule. The vicissitudes and changes of my life kept getting worse and worse. Greece has just defeated us, and I have been sold into slavery. The Romans think they are omnipotent because they destroyed our civilization and forced us into slavery. In a way, all they did was destroy an excellent culture and conjured as if by magic, instant slaves. Many of the slaves lamented and wailed which is mourning the dead, for days.An 1852 Wallachian poster advertising an auction o...I ended up in the home of Augustus Alexander Socrates Plautus, my master. My job was to teach his children to make them ready and acceptable t o society. What I taught them prepared them for life, as well as academic success. Although, they did object to what I taught them when I taught it to them, I believe if they could see me now they would thank me."CHILDREN!!!! Settle down," I roared as the children and I sat down for our first lesson.Alexander Remus, the oldest replied, "Now watch what you teach us, make sure it isn't blasphemy, and doesn't go against our religion or the twelve tables.""I think I will judge what is acceptable and what is not," I sternly replied, with a hint of a smile."Okay, today we will go over the main goals of this course," I stated matter of factly to...

System Map of a Garden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

System Map of a Garden - Essay Example This paper highlights a system map of a farm garden. The system is comprised of various sub systems and sub-sub systems based both on the consumer’s perspective and the farm garden’s operations manager. The sub systems for the garden include restraints, water, vegetation and water. The subsystems have elements that are important in the productivity of the outputs of the garden. Before production takes place, various inputs have to be used including animals, plants, expertise and chemicals. All these have to be supplied by different suppliers. The garden performs as a consumer as well as a producer of products such as animals (rabbits, dogs and cats), honey, vegetables and fruits among many other products. The supply network involves a lot of suppliers including organizations and individuals. The supply chain of the garden could be improved if the garden adopts an information system that monitors the flow of products within the garden the system could reports any issues in terms of scarcity and glut. In case of any purchases, the system should record each supplier with the product supplied, its quantity and date. Lastly, in case of any payments made, the system should also note down. A control system that establishes quality of products produced by the garden should also be put in place with respect to the information technology. A system diagram is a diagram that illustrates the various elements of a given system that is involved in productivity of a given organization.... In the structures sub system, the sub-sub systems include the compost bin, pergola, glasshouse and the seating. The consumer views the garden as a place that one could obtain vegetables or fish for consumption as well as perceiving the place as fit for relaxation. The external environment for the garden is the farm compound that is found within a serene environment while the internal environment is the one comprised of the system, subsystems and sub-sub systems as described earlier. 2.0 The Farm Garden System from an Operations Manager Perspective The farm manager is the person in charge of the farm and therefore oversees the activities and running of the farm. All activities mentioned in the garden system above are under the supervision of the farm manager. There is no farm that is independent and similarly, the farm garden is not independent as it makes products that are sold outside the farm while it uses products that are also consumed within the garden. Based on this perspective , a garden system could be drawn with the farm operations manager’s perspective taking into consideration the suppliers of the farm. The farm operations manager perceives the farm garden as a system that supports wildlife. Based on this system, the farm could act as a consumer as well as a supplier of vital components. Therefore, the major components of the system are suppliers, consumers and the producers. The farm on which the garden is situated performs two roles that are consumption of products and services offered by external suppliers and acting as a producer. The farm garden in the eye of the farm gardener is a system that supports wildlife. In such a system, the garden has wildlife elements on it that include wildlife in the sub system of

Classroom Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classroom Management - Essay Example This essay explores the classroom management field that demonstrates the progression of ensuring that teaching and impartation of knowledge is undisturbed by undesired students who through disruptive behavior can cause disturbance while a class is in session. The researcher states that application of management in a classroom at times can prove to be intricate while trying to teach and experiencing such crisis can cause teachers to depart. The reason behind for the departure of teachers from the teaching field is caused by the attitudes and discipline of the negative students. Classroom management can be based on motivation, discipline and respect. Every academic year witnesses the adoption of various rules and systems but unfortunately by the middle of the term most often these rules are broken. The researcher suggests that in order to understand as to how to implement CM one needs to understand the mentality of every student. Various approaches of classroom management, such as the self discipline approach wherein the student can be trusted to investigate and change their behavioral pattern. The Desist approach that was also presented in the essay proclaims that the teacher has full responsibility in controlling the classroom. In conclusion, the researcher states that the most important aspect is to construct a positive relationship between the teacher and student thereby creating a constructive educational atmosphere and sums up that every student should develop a sense of trust, sovereignty and inventiveness.

Leadership and Organisational Performance Essay - 1

Leadership and Organisational Performance - Essay Example The modern world is witnessing change as almost a continuous phenomenon – Globalization, Optimization, Transformation, Competitiveness, etc. The dynamics of the global markets & corresponding businesses have caused increased pressures on the modern leaders to sustain & improve organizational performance. Proactiveness, Analytics, Research, Honesty, Out of Box thinking, Continuous Learning, Knowledge Sharing & Management, Directions, Team Motivation, Skill Management & Enhancement, Evolution & Focus on strategic Organizational Goals, Customer Orientation, Sound Governance, Technology Understanding & Leveraging, Automation, etc. are key attributes of a Modern Leader in order to establish the path to success & take the entire organization along with him/her on this path towards well thought of & established goals. All successful leaders are the ones who have been successful to sustain & enhance the performance of the organizations they lead and ensure success & good image among P ublic, Customers, Stake Holders, Government & Employees. To grow, flourish & be successful in the modern Global Competitive markets, the Leadership Team of an organization should structure & manage the internal system to ensure Flexibility, Creativity and Excellence by addressing the following building blocks of success: Result Orientation: The internal system is completely fine-tuned towards achievement of results that delight the customers, stakeholders, the board, the Government and the Employees. Customer: The Internal System is strongly oriented towards customer focus to achieve optimum levels of Customer Satisfaction. Management by data & facts: The technology enablement of the internal system such that adequate data is captured from all the systems and modelled in Business Intelligence Systems such that the exact performance of processes within the organization and their reasons are clearly evident. People involvement: People are involved in strategic decision making such that decisions are taken based on ideas from wider groups within the organization and not just by virtue of the thought process of few individuals sitting on the top. People Development: The skills & capabilities of people are developed in such a way that their consolidated outputs form a large competency model of the organization that supports the Competitive Advantages of the organization in the target markets & businesses. Partnership Development: Developing efficient & competent partners to the business either from within the organization or from the external market Continuous Learning: Developing internal Knowledge Management Framework to capture all explicit knowledge and also to ensure transition of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge Innovations, Technology Enablement & Automation: The success of an organization depends a lot on the underlying IT systems & the corresponding processes that are used to effectively automate the business transactions of the

Training Scenario In Indian Industry Management Essay

Training Scenario In Indian Industry Management Essay Training  is an educational process. People can learn new information, re-learn and reinforce existing knowledge and skills, and most importantly have time to think and consider what new options can help them improve their effectiveness at work. Effective trainings convey relevant and useful information that inform participants and develop skills and behaviors that can be transferred back to the workplace. The goal of training is to create an impact that lasts beyond the end time of the training itself. The focus is on creating specific action steps and commitments that focus peoples attention on incorporating their new skills and ideas back at work. Training can be offered as skill development for individuals and groups. In general, trainings involve presentation and learning of content as a means for enhancing skill development and improving workplace behaviors. Organizational Development  is a process that strives to build the capacity to achieve and sustain a new desired state that benefits the organization or community and the world around them. (from the Organizational Development Network website) OD work implies creating and sustaining change. An OD perspective examines the current environment, the present state, and helps people on a team, in a department and as part of an institution identify effective strategies for improving performance. In some situations, there may not be anything wrong at the present time; the group or manager may simply be seeking ways to continue to develop and enhance existing relationships and performance. In other situations, there may be an identifiable issue or problem that needs to be addressed; the OD process aims to find ideas and solutions that can effectively return the group to a state of high performance. These two processes, Training and Organizational Development, are often closely connected. Training can be used as a proactive means for developing skills and expertise to prevent problems from arising and can also be an effective tool in addressing any skills or performance gaps among staff. Organizational Development can be used to create solutions to workplace issues, before they become a concern or after they become identifiable problem. http://traininganddevelopment.naukrihub.com/images/1.JPG ROLE OF TRAINING TRAINING SCENARIO IN INDIAN INDUSTRY TRAINING PROGRAMS IN RETAIL/FMCG SECTOR Some of the training programs that are given in the retail sector are: Sales Training On-the-Job Training Seminars/Workshops Customer Relationship Management Online Course Group Study Computer-Based Training TRAINING IN BANKING AND INSURANCE SECTOR Favourable economic climate and number of other factors such as growing urbanization, increasing consumerism, increase in financial services for people living in rural areas etc, has increased demand for wide range of financial products that has led to mutually beneficial growth to the banking sector and economic growth process. In the insurance sector also, rapid expansion has created about 5 lakh job opportunities approximately in the past five years. These openings are mainly in the field of insurance advisors or marketing agents. The eligibility criteria for this job is graduation with some experience in marketing or become insurance agents after completing school but this needs some relvant training. Earlier there were no training programs as such for insurance agents but on-the-job training only that was given once the new agent was appointed. But now the scenario has been changed, with the coming up of big players like  ICICI Life Insurance, ICICI Lombard, HDFC Life Insurance, Tata AIG General Insurance, etc in this sector, people whove had some formal training are preferred while recruitment because it can be helpful in the insurance field. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN IT/SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY With the growing investment by IT companies in the development of their employees many companies have now started their own learning centers. As an example, Sun has its own training department. Accenture has Internet based tool by the name of My Learning that offers access to its vast learning resources to its employees. Companies are investing in both the technical training, which has always been an essential part in IT industry, as well as in managerial skills development. Companies now kept aside 3-5% of revenue for training programs. As an example, some of the major players like Tata Elexi and Accenture are allocating 7% and 3% respectively of the companys overall revenue. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOSPITALITY SECTOR Programs are available for the following areas: Food Production Food and Beverage Service Front Office Housekeeping TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN KPO SECTOR With the expected increase in number of employees, training has become the core of KPO industry as well. No matter how much qualified the person is he needs to be trained on processes. As the name itself implies, knowledge, this sector requires high level of functional know-how as well as domain know-how. There is a constant need of well-planned training programs as the work profile requires understanding of market research objectives and methodologies. This sector requires behavioral training as well as training to handle stress because of odd working hours. If a person is committed to deliver quality, and is willing to learn with positive attitude then definitely KPO is the right place to work for him. EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING FOR AN EMPLOYEE IN AN ORGANISATION Companies invest quite a bit on the training and development of their employees. On the other hand, there are companies which refrain from investing in training. This is partly because they doubt whether such investments would pay back anything to the organization. However, today, most managers in companies appreciate the importance of training and want to invest in their employees training and development. Human Resources (HR) departments in companies could play an important role in capitalizing this opportunity and put in place systems and processes to make training more effective. Here are a few actions that HR could take: LINK TRAINING TO OTHER SYSTEMS: Training is part of the development process. However, development would mean understanding the capabilities of individual employees, identifying gaps and focusing on the right training for the right person. We can see that this leads to linkage of training with recruitment and performance appraisals. Recruitment, i.e., the entry point of an employee in the company, is the best starting point for tracking capabilities of employees. Capturing the profile of an employees capabilities at this stage helps the company build on his strengths and develop them further. Similarly, performance appraisals which are a periodic exercise, give adequate opportunity for organizations to take stock of the capabilities of employees and identify the gaps or the desired capabilities that need to be developed, and which emerge either from the career aspirations of the individual or business plans of the company. MAKE TRAINING A SYSTEMATIC ACTIVITY: An employee receives a call from a Manager out of the blue one day, who asks her to attend a training program on communication to be held two days later. The employee is unprepared. There are other priorities lined up for the week. Suddenly, the employee is having to do her bit to either re-prioritize, or re-schedule activities, or, worse still, stretch herself for the next two days to complete some of the high priority assignments in a hurry so that she can attend the training program. All this only leads to the employee going to the training program in a totally unprepared frame of mind. A positive and receptive mood, that is necessary for learning, is absent. The time and the money spent on the program turns out to be a waste. This is a common scenario in many companies treating training programs as one off events to which employees need to be sent. HR can do a lot to take control and make training a lot more of a systematic activity. Planning for programs adequately beforehand, preparing the employee with reading material or exercises, sending alerts and other communication related to the training at different stages before the program-all these would help. In all, planning well in advance, preparing the employee, laying the foundation for an eagerness to optimise the benefit derived from the program-all these will help. TRACKING OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES: Many companies have metrices such as number of man days of training. Some track them periodically, but most do not. It is necessary to compare the tracking of training to that for compensation. Compensation is tracked meticulously, analysed in depth across departments, levels, functions and so on. The same level of meticulousness, however, is missing in the case of training. Metrices, however, need to be carefully analysed and presented to the stakeholders periodically, to help them focus their efforts and plan for the training in a systematic manner. FEEDBACK LOOP: Measuring training effectiveness has always been a challenge, given the fact that the direct correlation between the training effort and results on the job cannot be clearly established. However, no one can deny that training contributes in a very significant manner to both improvement in the knowledge, skills and performance of a companys employees, as well as the overall business performance of the company.. Such training- performance correlation has been well established, and thus, the best employers worldwide invest significantly and systematically in training their personnel. Notwithstanding the fact that the direct correlation between a training program and improvement in the performance of an employee who has undergone such a training program, is by now indisputable, collecting feedback on the impact will help in fine tuning the efforts made towards training. In this context, there exist three stages of process for collecting feedback on training. Timing is very important here. The first stage is immediately after the completion of the program. The main objective of this feedback is to get to know how well the trainer delivered the program, the usefulness of the content and effectiveness of the methodology. The second stage would be the collection of feedback thirty days from the completion of the program. The objective here would be effectiveness in retention, and the question to be asked is this: are the learnings from the program still retained by the employee? BLEND OF METHODOLOGIES: Learning styles differ from one individual to another. To elaborate, the manner of teaching and learning different subjects can vary. What works for a training program on a technical subject may not necessarily work well for a behavioral area, and vice versa. With the leveraging of technology and proliferation of the net learning culture, learning is no longer confined to the traditional manner of training. Each of the methodologies have their respective advantages and disadvantages. A particular methodology may work well in a specific context and not so well in another. The cost would also vary from one methodology to another. It becomes the responsibility of the training personnel to choose the most appropriate methodology for the appropriate organizational context, for a particular subject and for the appropriate audience. Instead of trying to choose what works best, one may choose to provide two or three options with the same objectives, i.e., learning and improvement in the capa bilities of the employees. What would help in effective implementation of all the factors mentioned above:   A good and comprehensive training management system. Such a system covers all the areas mentioned above and involves all the stakeholders, employees, managers, HR/training function and the leadership. Trained and dedicated personnel to manage the training. It is desirable to have a dedicated team to oversee the training process in a company. However, given the size of companies today, some small ones may not be able to dedicate full time personnel. In such cases, the responsibilities need to be clearly built into that of the HR system of these companies.

Student-Centered Learning :: Education Teaching Papers

Student-Centered Learning Recently, the buzzword for school wide educational reform is student-centered learning. My last year teaching, the administration threw around this term, yet no in-services were in place on this subject in order to accomplish the goal. Even Atlanta Public School's strategic technology plan uses the common student-centered learning phrase, " Teachers will move from mentor in the center to guide on the side." However, very few teachers actually use this approach in their classrooms. One example of an excellent student-centered learning activity was "Biomes in a Box." A colleague of mine used this project, her students work in teams to research and create a biome of a particular climate of their choosing. I observed students using various forms of media including the Internet and CD-ROM resources to research their particular biome. They constructed the climate conditions of that biome using various raw materials at their disposal. In the end, they presented their biome to the class with an oral discussion of the climatic elements involved with that biome. The students were so proud and so actively involved in their learning. It was a great success. I am sure that "Biomes in a Box" will be one lesson those students learned in that school. Even though some teachers use this new approach successfully in their class, my concern is that not all of the teachers can or even know how to change from the "mentor in the center" to "guide on the side." Has the school systems come up with way to change the mindsets of these teachers and show them how to make their classrooms active learning environments? No, they are just content to throw the phrase around without determining how to bring about student-centered learning in the classrooms. So what is Student centered learning? Is it the cure all for the ailing public education system? What tools need to be in place in order to facilitate a student-centered learning environment? What kind of in-service or extra training will be necessary in order to foster the student-centered classroom? In this paper, I will define student-centered learning, explain the key attributes to this type of learning process, and identify the tools that will facilitate its growth. From Mentor in the Center to Guide on the Side "Students should be presented with real life problems and then helped to discover information required to solve them" John Dewey

How Far Do You Agree World War One Was Mainly Responsible for the 1917 Revolution?

How far do you agree that world war one was mainly responsible for the 1917 revolution? World war one was one of the main reasons for the breakout of revolution in 1917, however other factors can be brought about to suggest that it wasn’t only the main reason for the breakout of revolution in 1917. Aspects such as the decisions and actions of Tsar Nicholas can also be identified as important features for the breakout of revolution alongside the social and economic strains and the lack of political reform.All factors have characteristics to suggest that they were the main reason for the breakout of war, however the impact of world war one can be viewed as playing the larger role on the reason for breakout in 1917. The actions of the tsar Nicholas prove to be an important factor for the breakout of revolution in 1917. In 1915 when the Tsar decided to take full control of the army he was creating even further inconveniences for himself. Due to the fact that the Tsars main attenti on was spent on the army, the day to day running of the government was left to his Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.The problem was created through the fact that the Tsarina was greatly influenced by Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin damaged the Tsars reputation as anybody who wanted to gain power would have to befriend Rasputin. Many governors and politicians either resigned or were relieved of their position due to Rasputin. This had a large effect on the Russian people as the Tsars attention was fully towards the war and not on the problems faced by the people.This would have been a growing source of discontent which backs up the argument that the Tsars neglect of the Russian troubles back in Russia would have been one of the main reasons for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. The impact of world war one in Russia can be viewed as one of the characteristics that play a large role in the reason for outbreak of revolution in 1917. The war for the Russian people meant that all fuel, food and coal were being concentrated on being provided to the soldiers on the front line.The effect of this was that Russian people were being neglected of these goods which they needed almost as profusely as the Russian soldiers did. Growing dissatisfaction would have occurred throughout the Russian people as nothing took place to try and relieve these hardships that they were experiencing. This would have led to the even further loss of faith and support in the Tsar and would provide an evidently profound reason for revolution. Furthermore, during world war one over a million soldiers were either killed or taken prisoner.This largely lowered morale between the soldiers and many of them fled. The support of the army would have been lost due to these results as the Tsar was seen mainly as the responsibility for the horrific results of war. Dissimilar to the 1905 revolution were the Tsar had the army on his side, the fact that the Tsar lost the support of the army made his chances of survivi ng the revolution very thin. Moreover, another leading factor for the breakout of revolution in 1917 was the social and economic strains faced by the Russian people.The outbreak of revolution during 1905 was partly due to the social and economical strains experienced by the Russian people however, conditions decreased further during the build up to revolution in 1917. The war was costing profoundly more than they could afford, Russia left the gold standard and started to print money which caused inflation. This added to the discontent of the Russian people as it meant that the price of living also went up yet they had no income to afford basic goods.This was due to the fact that many factories were closed down and the crop yield was being directed to the soldiers at war. This left the Russian people isolated as they had little, if any means of income to buy basic necessary items. Too make matters worse for both the Tsar and the Russian people, little action was taken in aid of these inconveniences. Before the war Moscow had been receiving 2200 railway wagons of grain per month in 1914; however by Christmas 1916 this reduced to only 300.This therefore resulted in the accumulative discontent of the Russian people which only made matters worse for the Tsar as the likely hood of the occurrence of revolution was high. The lack of political reform can accountably be taken in as one of the main reasons for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. The union of zemstva provided medical facilities for the army; however the government did not know how to incorporate them into its own war effort. Moreover, the progressive Bloc called for a government of public confidence in which the ministers would be responsible for the Duma.However, Tsar Nicholas refused to listen to any of their demands, this resulted in the ministers who campaigned for change and reform; were either dismissed or resigned. Due to the fact that no reform was made, all the blame was directed to the Nicholas. Reform was needed greatly at this time yet no reform occurred, this accumulated the ever rising dissatisfaction of the Russian people. Furthermore, as a result of Nicholas’s lack of political reform the support of political parties became very minute.In conclusion, I agree that world war one played a large characteristic in the reason for breakout of war; however it does not act as the aspect mainly responsible for revolution. Other reasons such as the lack of reform, the economic and social strains and the actions taken by Tsar Nicholas played an equal role in the reason for the outbreak of revolution in 1917. World war one can be interpreted as a ‘trigger’ towards the revolution rather than being the main cause. Revolution would likely occur even without the impact of world war one, yet due to the timing, acts as a catalyst towards the revolution in 1917.

Free Essays on Colonialism in Nigeria

Colonialism in Nigeria By: Meg E-mail: BumpSki1224@aol.com Colonialism in Nigeria The earliest known documentation of Nigeria is that it was the sight of a group of organized states called Hausa. The earliest Nigerians were the Nok people. These Noks were skilled artisans, but they didn’t last long. The Noks had disappeared by the second millennium. The Southwest region of Lake Chad, Africa was ruled by the Kanem-Bornu during the 8th century. By the 1300’s, the empire of Kanem-Bornu was a flourishing center of Islamic culture, rivaling Mali in the west. As this African kingdom began to stagnate, the western states fell under the rule of Songhai and the empire fell in result. During the 15th century, Nigeria was a very prosperous country with great cultivation and trading. By the late 16th century, the Kanem-Bornu broke up and the Hausa states regained their independence. In the 19th century, the Fulani then took dominance in the lands of Hausa and the southern part of the country was divided at this time. In the west, Yoruba ha d their own states; the Edo ruled in Benin in the south-central parts; and the Ibo had control in the east, in and north of the Niger delta. People such as Mungo Park, Richard Lemon Lander, and John Lander first explored the interior in 1830-31. Realizing the potential of the area, the Portuguese, the British, and others established slave-trading stations in the Niger delta. The British sent consuls to Calabar and Lagos, where traders were established, and they took full possession of Lagos. The British then established protectorates after the conclusion of several treaties with the native chiefs and in 1893, the name Niger Coast Protectorate was established. Then, in 1900, after expansion in the southwest, which brought about the addition of the kingdom of Benin, the name was changed to the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. In the same year, the British proclaimed the protectorate of Northern Nigeria ... Free Essays on Colonialism in Nigeria Free Essays on Colonialism in Nigeria Colonialism in Nigeria By: Meg E-mail: BumpSki1224@aol.com Colonialism in Nigeria The earliest known documentation of Nigeria is that it was the sight of a group of organized states called Hausa. The earliest Nigerians were the Nok people. These Noks were skilled artisans, but they didn’t last long. The Noks had disappeared by the second millennium. The Southwest region of Lake Chad, Africa was ruled by the Kanem-Bornu during the 8th century. By the 1300’s, the empire of Kanem-Bornu was a flourishing center of Islamic culture, rivaling Mali in the west. As this African kingdom began to stagnate, the western states fell under the rule of Songhai and the empire fell in result. During the 15th century, Nigeria was a very prosperous country with great cultivation and trading. By the late 16th century, the Kanem-Bornu broke up and the Hausa states regained their independence. In the 19th century, the Fulani then took dominance in the lands of Hausa and the southern part of the country was divided at this time. In the west, Yoruba ha d their own states; the Edo ruled in Benin in the south-central parts; and the Ibo had control in the east, in and north of the Niger delta. People such as Mungo Park, Richard Lemon Lander, and John Lander first explored the interior in 1830-31. Realizing the potential of the area, the Portuguese, the British, and others established slave-trading stations in the Niger delta. The British sent consuls to Calabar and Lagos, where traders were established, and they took full possession of Lagos. The British then established protectorates after the conclusion of several treaties with the native chiefs and in 1893, the name Niger Coast Protectorate was established. Then, in 1900, after expansion in the southwest, which brought about the addition of the kingdom of Benin, the name was changed to the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. In the same year, the British proclaimed the protectorate of Northern Nigeria ...

Why are we learning US history

Why are we learning US history Introduction Currently, there are numerous demands from the desire to live in the present and focus on the future. This has resulted from the countless uncertainties that people are faced with. As a result, many students may fail to understand the importance of studying early American history at this point in time when they are supposed to be taught about current issues and how to cope with future contingencies (Holt 76).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are we learning US history? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has made many opt to go for science subjects whose purposes they believe are easy to discern. It has to be noted that history is very important; in fact indispensable. Nevertheless, it results are hardly tangible and may not be seen immediately like those of other subjects such as engineering. Learners ought to know that history is very essential not only to individuals but also to the entire societ y. Understanding the society By studying American history, students are able to understand people and the society well. It is by looking at the history of a specific society that one can be able to unravel the mystery of why the society behaves in a specific manner. There are numerous scientific laws that have been put forward in an attempt to explain human behavior. These laws have only been made to stand their grounds by being based on past experience hence underlining the importance of history (Holt 89). Most of the present students have been born at the time when America has already seen civilization. Consequently, it is very hard for such students to understand that technological innovation has a greater influence in the society. It is only by studying the history of the specific society that they can be able to systematically understand the evolution the society has undergone. It is hard for one to solve current problems without knowing the origin of the problem. For instance, to counter a problem such as alcoholism, people have gone to the extent of investigating how alcoholism has been in the past years. Through this, they have been able to learn variations in rate of alcoholism and factors that have contributed to the variations (Holt pp. 124-132). History has greatly contributed in solving the problem of alcoholism in the society. This is because researchers have managed to predict its trend based on the historical trends. Low voter turnout is a major problem that currently affects the American. It is only by looking at the history of the voter turnout that Americans can come up with a lasting solution to the problem. Consequently, by learning American history, students are in a better position of educating the society on the importance of turning out in large numbers for such events (Stearns 256).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They can base their arguments on some of the challenges that were later experienced after elections and attribute them to low voter turnout thus encouraging voters to participate in elections. With every American looking forward for a healthy political environment, this can only be achieved by revisiting the history of its politics, look at the various changes that have emerged and how they have contributed towards improving it or ruining it. Despite a contemporary analysis of the political environment helping in highlight some of the problems; it can not effectively bring out all the problems affecting the American politics. History has to be leveraged for this to be achieved. Moral understanding and sense of identity History contributes to moral understanding and creating a sense of identity. By studying American history, students are presented with varied complexities and dilemmas that past heroes and heroines came across in the past and how they coped with them. As a result, they become inspi red by them thus working towards improving their standards in bid to be improve their identity and be associated with the past heroes and heroines (Stearns pp. 260-263). It is through studying history that students can understand their background. This would help them identify with a specific lineage and learn how their families have coped with historical changes. History helps in creating good citizenship History is a vital subject towards bringing up loyal citizens. This is one of the major arguments that been used in supporting inclusion of the subject in curriculum. One can not love his or her country without first understanding the hardships it has gone through to reach where it is as well as how and why various institutions have been established. By understanding these, one can gauge his or her country with others, acknowledge the achievements made and look for ways to make it better thus becoming a loyal citizen (Stearns 258). Further, studying history helps one learn how pas t, present and future changes that shape citizens’ lives occur or may occur and the impacts they are likely to have. It is through studying the American history that students will be able to develop mental habits that are important for responsible social conduct. Conclusion It is evident that history is indispensable. For some of the scientific theories to be formulated they have to base their arguments on past historical facts. Consequently, learning the American history helps in understanding the social fabrics of the Americans, how the country has evolved and related with its neighbours thus facilitating in molding students to be loyal citizens in future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why are we learning US history? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Holt, Thomas C. Thinking Historically: Narrative, Imagination, and Understanding. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1990. Stearns, Peter N. Meani ng over Memory: Recasting the Teaching of History and Culture. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

The Boer War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Boer War - Research Paper Example Compared to the British troops, the Boers were not as disciplined and organized; they had no set uniform, and as soon as a confrontation broke out, they immediately gathered up to form a unit and elected a commander. The Boer troops had no proper uniforms or weapons and vastly depended on hunting guns in order to launch an offensive against the well-equipped British troops. Their weapons included field guns and pistols, and they were also armed with shotguns; most of the Boer troops often traveled with at least 8 days of supplies. Unlike the British troops, their marksmanship was not the result of intense training regimes, but was learned through experience. The Boers were not soldiers but mere hunters or farmers that earned them the name ‘Boer’. The people had no real access to ammunitions either, and when they ran out of proper weapons, they usually relied on stealing or capturing the weapons of the British.The British had realized that the only way they could subdue t heir opponent was by attacking their formation and not their position; which meant that they were trying to cut off their access to their supplies. Any sort of siege had seemed pointless for their excellent marksmanship that made any sort of progression towards their base completely pointless. They even had their ranges marked out with white stones and fired according to them and soon the British troops were ordered to avoid going near white stones on the ground.  Ã‚   Since the South Africans were devout Christians, many of the people did not believe.

Perspectives on Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Perspectives on Friendship - Essay Example From this report it is clear that  Mohammed and the author were playing in the yard when thay were suddenly attacked by a group of three boys who were members of a gang in school. They took our football and even threatened to beat them if they did not cooperate with them; the author remember how Mohammed was scared when the author confronted the three boys to leave them alone. The boys were very incensed that the author  had even dared to argue with them and vowed to make life very difficult for both of them but that did not scare me even an inch. the author was firm in my resolve to fight back and resist any challenge they would put us to, thus, the author did not move even an inch when one of the older boys advanced and looked him straight in the eye with his blood-shot piercing eyes.  This essay stresses that  Mohammed and the author have also found ourselves in trouble many times, especially with law enforcement officers for petty offenses like going to parties as minors with fake IDs and driving without licences. On many occasions, their parents have been informed of our offenses and they have subsequently been grounded for days; on his eighteenth birthday, for instance, Mohammed and the author were cruising in his father’s car when traffic officers caught up with him for over-speeding. Fortunately for them, his father was not very angry with him for taking his car and nearly crushing it by over-speeding but he gave them a comprehensive lecture on careful driving.